Zootaxa
3490: 30-47 (2012)
|
Gelasimus splendidus
Stimpson, 1858 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Ocypodidae), a valid species of fiddler
crab from the northern South China Sea and Taiwan Strait |
Hsi-Te Shih, Peter K. L. Ng, Kingsley J. H. Wong & Benny K. K.
Chan
The fiddler crab,
Uca splendida (Stimpson, 1858) has
been synonymized under Uca crassipes
(White, 1847) since Crane (1975). Studies of specimens from the Hong Kong type
locality and adjacent areas of China, Taiwan and Vietnam show that U.
splendida is a valid species, with a characteristic suite of carapace and
gonopod features as well as a distinct cytochrome oxidase I (COI) signature.
Genetic work shows that U. splendida belongs to a well-supported clade
and is the sister species of U. crassipes. The distribution of U.
splendida is restricted to continental East and continental Southeast Asia,
in contrast to the oceanic distribution of U. crassipes. Both species,
however, are sympatric in Penghu Islands, western Taiwan and Dongsha Island
(=Pratas Island).
Key words:
Uca splendida, U. crassipes, U. chlorophthalmus, South
China Sea, Taiwan Strait, cytochrome oxidase I, taxonomy.
FIGURE 1. Collection
sites for specimens of Uca splendida and U. crassipes used in this
study: blue triangles (nos. 9-12) for U. splendida; red solid circles
(nos. 1-3, 5, 13-18) for U. crassipes; and purple squares (nos. 4, 6-8)
for both species sympatrically. Red empty circles mean the additional records of
U. crassipes from other references. Different lines indicate the updated
ranges of the two species.
FIGURE 2. Uca
splendida. G1 of neotype; A, right G1, lateral view; B, distal part of right
G1, lateral view; C, distal part of right G1, mesial view.
FIGURE 3. Uca
splendida. A-C, neotype. A, habitus, dorsal view; B, right major chela; C,
frontal view.
FIGURE 4. Uca
splendida. Live coloration of adults (A-E) and juvenile (F); C and D, the
same female with different views; G, a population with high density near the
bank; H, a female U. splendida (left) and a male U. crassipes
(right) sympatric in one locality, with reddish eyestalks for the former and
greenish eyestalks for the latter. Photos taken from Cingluo (A-E, H) and Citou
(F, G), Penghu, Taiwan.
FIGURE 5. Uca
crassipes. Live coloration of adults (A-D, F) and juvenile (E). Photos taken
from Dongsha Island, Taiwan (A-E) and Cocos-Keeling, Australia (F).
FIGURE 6. Morphology of
different sizes of Uca chlorophthalmus, U. crassipes and U.
splendida males (top, middle and bottom in B-D). A, left: U. crassipes,
11.2 mm (Guam) and right: U. splendida, 11.3 mm (Hainan, China). B, 13.1
mm (Kenya), 13.1 mm (Cocos-Keeling) and 13.0 mm (New Taipei, Taiwan),
respectively. C, 16.2 mm (Mayotte), 16.3 (Cocos-Keeling) and 16.2 mm (Penghu,
Taiwan), respectively. D, 19.2 mm (Mayotte), 19.1 mm (Philippines), 19.2 mm
(Penghu, Taiwan), respectively. E, top: U. crassipes, 23.1 mm (Dongsha,
Taiwan) and bottom: U. splendida, 23.5 mm (Penghu, Taiwan). Some males¡¦
chelae are separated from the body.
FIGURE 7. The distal part
of right G1 (in mesial view) of Uca chlorophthalmus (A), U. crassipes
(B) and U. splendida (C), with similar carapace widths around 19.1 mm.
Specimens used are the same in (D) of Fig. 6.
FIGURE 8. A Bayesian
inference (BI) tree for Uca chlorophthalmus, U. crassipes and
U. splendida from the Indo-West Pacific and outgroups, based on COI gene.
Probability values at the nodes represent support values for BI, maximum
likelihood (MI) and maximum parsimony (MP). "*" indicates specimens from the
type locality of U. splendida or U. crassipes.
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Copyright © 2012 Hsi-Te
SHIH
